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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To formulate a novel histological typing and grading-rated system for colorectal cancer (CRC) for evaluating the biological behavior of CRC and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the highly heterogeneous histological features, WHO classification and histological differentiation criteria, and other biological behavior parameters of CRC, a novel histological typing and grading-scale system for CRC was designed. The histological typing and corresponding grading-scale of CRC was defined as the following: (1) No mucin-producing adenocarcinoma, including tubular adenocarcinoma, sieve-like acne adenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma and micropapillary carcinoma, etc. (1-3 points); (2) Mucin-producing adenocarcinoma, including mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma (3-4 points); (3) Squamous cell carcinoma (1-3 points); (4) Neuroendocrine tumors, including neuroendocrine tumors, neuroendocrine carcinoma (1-4 points); (5) The special type of CRC, including clear cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, etc. (4-points); (6) Undifferentiated carcinoma (5 points). The pathology report form was formatted based on the major histological type with the secondary histological type. The final total score of CRC was defined as the sum of the corresponding grading scores for different histological types. The total score of a single-structure CRC was defined as the corresponding grading score multiplied by 2. A total of 666 patients with advanced CRC were pathologically reviewed and analyzed to assess the correlation of the histological typing and grading scores with TNM staging and lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed a significant correlation of the histological grading-scale and TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The scores of CRC histological grading-scale increased synchronously with the TNM staging and lymph node metastasis rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The novel histological grading system allows objective evaluation of the biological behaviors and prognosis of CRC for determining individualized postoperative treatment. This system still needs further revision and updates based on evidence from prospective, multi-centered, large-scale trials.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Colorectal Neoplasms , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Grading , Methods , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To predict and identify B-cell linear epitopes of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The B-cell linear epitopes of HBeAg were predicted using the software provided by NCBI Database and Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) and synthesized by a solid-phase method followed by conjugation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The KLH conjugates were used for immunization of New Zealand white rabbits, and the immune response of the rabbits was monitored by direct ELISA using a bovine serum albumin conjugate of the predicted epitopes. RESULTS Four new B-cell linear epitopes of HBeAg were identified, namely (1)MDIDPYKEFG(10), (37)LYREALESPEHCSP(50), (74)SNLEDPAS(81) and (127)RTPPAYRPPNAPIL(140). The rabbits immunized with the KLH conjugate showed an antibody titer over 1:512 000. The antisera of B-cell linear epitopes collected could specifically react with HBeAg as shown by ELISA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Four B-cell linear epitopes of HBeAg have been confirmed using bioinformatics methods, which provides new evidence for further functional studies of HBeAg in hepatitis B.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Computational Biology , Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte , Allergy and Immunology , Hepatitis B e Antigens , Allergy and Immunology , Hepatitis B virus , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the inhibitory effects of curcumin against HeLa cell invasion and migration and explore the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HeLa cells were exposed to curcumin treatment at the concentrations of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µmol/L for 24 h. MTT and TUNEL assays were used to assess the cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis, respectively. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the invasiveness and migration of the treated cells, and RT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the changes in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and MMP-9 and E-cad, the 2 markers of cell invasion and migration, were detected by Western blotting. The capacity of NO production in HeLa cells was measured by Griess method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Curcumin inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells by inducing cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Curcumin inhibited the invasion and migration of HeLa cells by increasing E-cad expression and decreasing MMP-9 expression, and also decreased the expression level of iNOS and NO production in the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Curcumin inhibits the invasion and migration of HeLa cells by decreasing the expression of iNOS.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Curcumin , Pharmacology , HeLa Cells , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of TMEM16A in gastric carcinoma and its clinical implications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 72 surgical specimens of gastric carcinoma were collected for examination of TMEM16A expression with immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TMEM16A expression was detected in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of the tumor cells. Of the 72 specimens of the tumor tissues, the total positivity rate of TMEM16A expression was 80.56% (58/72), significantly higher than the rate in the adjacent tissues (4.17%, 3/72, P<0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aberrant expression of TMEM16A occurs in the majority of gastric carcinoma cases. TMEM16A can be used as a new candidate target for diagnosis and treatment of gastric carcinoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anoctamin-1 , Carcinoma , Metabolism , Pathology , Chloride Channels , Metabolism , Neoplasm Proteins , Metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of Matrine on proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela in vitro. Methods Human cervical carcinoma cell line Hela was cultured in vitro. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. The percent age of apoptosis cells was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression of PCNA protein was displayed with immunohistochemistry. Results Proliferation of Hela cells was inhibited in 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0g/L Matrine-treated groups compared with those in the control group(P
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Objective To investigate the relationship betwe en low-selenium diet and apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in rats and if melatonin c an have protective effects on the damage. Methods The level of myocardial MDA in rats' was measured a nd apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in rats was detected in the three groups of rat s, fed with low-selenium diet, sufficient-selenium diet and low-selenium diet plus intragastric administration of melatonin, respectively. Results The level of MDA in myocardium was significantly hi gher in low-selenium group than that in sufficient-selenium group and low-sel enium group with intragastric administration of melatonin (P
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Objective Recent studies in neonatal animals have shown that even slightly decreasing in brain or core temperature could ameliorate the damage resulting from hypoxic-ischemia insults. But the influence of hypothermia which had been used after the end of hypoxia-ischemia of the model hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD)was unknown. This research wanted to investigate whether hypothermia of defferent begin time after HIBD still could protect the brain in neonatal rats. Methods Pericranial temperatures were adjusted to 31 C in neonatal rats immediately or 2h after the end of hypoxia-ischemia(HI),the number of apoptosis cells in HIBD rats' brain had been counted,rat pups' storing food ability had been observed. Results Apoptosis increased obviously when rat pups were 8 days old, while hypothermia reduced apoptosis ,and postponed apoptosis expression in group that 31 C hypothermia was used immediately or 1h after the end of HI,and hypothermia improved the rat pups' storing food ability. This effect was more obviously in the group that hypothermia was used immediately after the HI than in the group that hypothermia was used 1h after the HI. But the protective effect was not clear in the group that hypothermia was used 2 h after the HI. Conclusion Hypothermia which was used within 1h after the end of HI could protect the HIBD neonatal rat pups brain, this effect was more obviously in the hypothermia be used early after the end of HI group than in the hypothermia be used late after the end of HI group.
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Objective To explore the clinical, pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and stromal tumor beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Methods Expression of CD117, CD34, SMA, Desmin and S-100 protein in 53GIST were detected using immunohistochemical S-P method, and then analyzed. Results Of 53 cases, 38 cases were detected as spindle type, 6 as epithelioid type and 9 as mixture type; 9 cases were benign,20 were borderline and 24 were malignant. Of the 9 benign cases, 8 originated in stomach, while only one originated in intestine and beyond the gastrointestinal tract. The rate of immunohistochemical expression was showed as follows: CD117 92.45% and CD34 77.36%. Conclusion GIST has its unique morphological characteristics. To detect CD117 and CD34 simultaneously may be helpful to the diagnosis. The malignant potential of stromal tumor in intestine and beyond the gastrointestinal tract is higher than that in stomach. The estimation of benignancy and malignancy depends on the site, the size and nuclei mitoses of the tumor.
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Objective To design and develop a reliable,ease-to-use and cheap tissue microarryer for making tissue microarrays,and discuss its characteristics.Methods According to the facture procedure and principle of tissue microarray construction,HT-1 tissue microarrayer was designed and developed.The tissue microarrayer consisted of a recipient paraffin block molding machine,a punch needle,a negative-pressure embedding instrument,and a special manipulator.Using HT-1 tissue microarrayer,the array holes in recipient paraffin block could be punched by single-shaping technique in one action in several seconds,while no chapping was guaranteed.During the TMAs paraffin block embedding process,the remnant air bubble between the tissue cylinders and array holes in recipient paraffin block could be exhausted rapidly and completely.Results Using HT-1 tissue microarrayer,an array holes recipient paraffin block(several to several hundreds holes)could be made in several seconds.Several TMAs blocks with 56 tissue cylinders(1.5 mm in diameter)were constructed easily and quickly within 20 min.Under HE and immunostaining procedures,the tissue cores were well aligned,and orientation was properly done.The tissue cores on the slide maintained intact histological structure.The tissue structure and background of the HE and immunostaining were clear.There was less sample loss(the loss rate was less than 1.0%?1.1%).Conclusion HT-1 tissue microarrayer is a simple,economical and high efficiency/cost(E/C)and easy-to-use device.
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Objective To determine whether Cox-2 inhibitor can reduce the risk of cardia carcinoma. Methods Paraffin-embedded specimens from 48 patients with esophageal, gastric or cardia carcinomas were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of Cox-2 protein. Expression of Cox-2mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR and ISPCR in 29 cases of them. None of these patients were currently taking NSAIDs or glucocorticoid. Results The staining scores were 4.15?1.9 in the group with esophageal cancer, 3.66?1.16 in the group with gastric cancer, and 2.93?1.03 in the group with cardia cancer, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups of gastric cancer and cardia cancer. The ratio of cases with positive expression of Cox-2 mRNA was 87.5% in the group with cardia carcinoma, 100% in the group with esophageal cancer and the group with gastric cancer. And no significant difference was found between them. Cox-2mRNA was mainly located in cytoplasm but was found in nuclear too. No difference was found in the location of Cox-2 expression in the three kinds of cancers. Conclusion Cox-2 expression in cardia carcinoma was higher than in the normal group. Its pathological characteristics were almost the same as those in gastric and esophageal cancers. Cox-2 inhibitor possibly have a chemopreventive effect on cardia carcinoma.
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Objective To explore the pathogenesis of substance P (SP) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in early psoriasis vulgaris. Methods SP and EGFR were detected in normal skin tissues and psoriatic lesions by radioimmunoassay. Results Expression of SP was significantly enhanced in active and stable psoriasis than in recovery lesions and normal ones (P 0.05). Conclusion SP and EGFR may work together to play a key role in the early pathogenesis of psoriasis.